Subclass 190 requires sponsorship from a State or Territory Government and the visa subclass 189 is an independent visa type.

Your sponsor must be:

• 18 years old or older
• usually resident in a designated area in Australia. 
• be an Australian citizen, an Australian permanent resident, or an eligible New Zealand citizen
• be your eligible relative or your partner’s eligible relative if your partner is also applying for this visa

No, you must receive an invitation from the Department of Home Affairs through the SkillSelect portal to apply for a Subclass 189 visa. 

An eligible relative can be:

• a parent
• a child or step-child
• a brother, sister, adoptive brother, adoptive sister, step-brother or step-sister
• an aunt, uncle, adoptive aunt, adoptive uncle, step-aunt or step-uncle
• a nephew, niece, adoptive nephew, adoptive niece, step-nephew or step-niece
• a grandparent, or
• a first cousin

No, you must receive an invitation from the Department of Home Affairs through the SkillSelect portal to apply for a Subclass 491 visa. 

This is a permanent visa. It lets you stay in Australia indefinitely. The visa has a travel component that expires 5 years after the date of visa grant.

This is a temporary visa. It lets you stay in Australia for 5 years. You can apply for permanent residency after 3 years from the date of visa grant, if you meet Subclass 191 eligibility criteria